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{
"slide": 1,
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"text_description": "Electric Charge\nq – Electric Charge\nElectric charge is a fundamental property of matter that produces electric forces. It exists in two kinds—positive and negative. Charge is quantized in units of \\(e = 1.6 \\times 10^{-19}\\,\\text{C}\\). The total charge of an isolated system is always conserved.",
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"slide": 2,
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"text_description": "Electric Field",
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"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Electric Field (E)",
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{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "The electric field is the space around a charge where another charge feels an electric force. Its direction is the force on a +1 C test charge.",
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"text_description": "Key Characteristics:",
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"text_description": "Vector quantity; magnitude \\(E = F / q\\); arrows show size and direction.",
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{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Field lines emerge from positive charges and terminate on negatives, never crossing.",
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{
"fragment_index": 6,
"text_description": "Line density depicts field strength; closer lines indicate a stronger field.",
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{
"fragment_index": 7,
"text_description": "Tangent to a field line gives the local direction of \\(\\mathbf{E}\\).",
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"text_description": "Example:\nRadial arrows spreading outward from an isolated +q illustrate its electric field pattern.",
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{
"slide": 3,
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"text_description": "Coulomb’s Law\n\\[F = k \\dfrac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}\\]\nVariable Definitions\nApplications\nSource: NCERT Physics Class 11",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "k\nCoulomb constant, \\(1/(4\\pi\\varepsilon_0)\\)",
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"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "\\(q_1\\)\nfirst point charge",
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"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "\\(q_2\\)\nsecond point charge",
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{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "r\ndistance between charges",
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{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "\\( \\varepsilon_0 \\)\nvacuum permittivity",
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{
"fragment_index": 6,
"text_description": "Atomic Scale\nFind repulsive force between two electrons 0.1 nm apart.",
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{
"fragment_index": 7,
"text_description": "Macroscopic Charges\nEstimate attraction between a charged rod and metal sphere in air.",
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]
},
{
"slide": 4,
"fragments": [
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"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Electric vs Magnetic Fields\nElectric Field\nMagnetic Field\nKey Similarities",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Produced by static or moving electric charge.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Lines start on +, end on −; never close.",
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{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Force \\( \\mathbf{F}=q\\mathbf{E} \\) acts on any charge.",
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{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Produced by moving charge, currents or magnetic moments.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Lines form closed loops; encircle current via right-hand rule.",
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{
"fragment_index": 6,
"text_description": "Force \\( \\mathbf{F}=q\\mathbf{v}\\times\\mathbf{B} \\) on moving charges or currents.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 7,
"text_description": "Both are vector fields filling space.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 8,
"text_description": "Both obey superposition; fields add linearly.",
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{
"fragment_index": 9,
"text_description": "Both store energy and form electromagnetic waves.",
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]
},
{
"slide": 5,
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"text_description": "Moving Charges Produce Magnetic Fields\nCompass needles trace circular magnetic field lines around a current-carrying wire.\nFrom Ørsted’s spark to the right-hand rule\nØrsted showed a compass deflects near a live wire, proving a current creates a magnetic field.\nThis field forms concentric circles around the conductor in planes perpendicular to the current.\nKey Points:",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Field lines are closed, circular loops centred on the wire.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Right-hand rule: thumb = current; curled fingers = magnetic field direction.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Greater current strengthens the field; circles crowd near the wire.",
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},
{
"slide": 6,
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"text_description": "Faraday’s Law of Induction\nApplications",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "\\(\\varepsilon = -\\dfrac{d\\Phi_B}{dt}\\)",
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{
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"text_description": "Variable Definitions\n\\( \\varepsilon \\)\nInduced emf (V)\n\\( \\Phi_B \\)\nMagnetic flux (Wb)\n\\( t \\)\nTime (s)\n\\( - \\)\nOpposes change (Lenz’s law)",
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"text_description": "Generators\nRotating coils cut magnetic flux to create electricity in power stations.",
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{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Transformers\nA changing primary flux induces a different voltage in the secondary coil.",
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{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Induction Cooktops\nRapidly varying fields induce currents that heat the pan directly.",
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},
{
"slide": 7,
"fragments": [
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"text_description": "How Electromagnetic Induction Works\nInduction starts with motion and ends with current. Sequence each stage to understand the process.",
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"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "1\nRelative Motion\nMove the magnet and coil toward or away from each other, or slide the coil through the field.",
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"text_description": "2\nFlux Change\nMotion alters the magnetic flux Φ threading the coil’s loops.",
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"text_description": "3\nInduced emf\nA changing Φ produces emf: \\( \\mathcal{E} = -\\\\dfrac{d\\\\Phi}{dt} \\).",
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"text_description": "4\nCurrent Direction by Lenz\nThe induced current flows so its own field opposes the original flux change.",
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{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Pro Tip:\nNo flux change → no emf. Keep something moving to generate current.",
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}
]
},
{
"slide": 8,
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"text_description": "Multiple Choice Question\nQuestion\nA bar magnet enters a coil and produces an emf of 2 V. If its speed is doubled, what is the new emf magnitude?\n1\nRemains 2 V\n2\nBecomes 1 V\n3\nBecomes 4 V\n4\nDrops to 0 V\nHint:\nFaraday’s law: emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.\nSubmit Answer\nconst correctOption = 2;\n const answerCards = document.querySelectorAll('.answer-card');\n const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submitBtn');\n const feedbackCorrect = document.getElementById('feedbackCorrect');\n const feedbackIncorrect = document.getElementById('feedbackIncorrect');\n\n let selectedOption = null;\n\n answerCards.forEach((card, index) => {\n card.addEventListener('click', () => {\n answerCards.forEach(c => c.classList.remove('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50'));\n card.classList.add('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50');\n selectedOption = index;\n });\n });\n\n submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (selectedOption === null) return;\n\n if (selectedOption === correctOption) {\n feedbackCorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n } else {\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackCorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n });",
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"text_description": "Correct!\nDoubling speed doubles the flux change per second, so the emf also doubles to 4 V.\nIncorrect\nRemember, emf = −dΦ/dt. Faster motion increases dΦ/dt and thus the emf.",
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]
},
{
"slide": 9,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Key Takeaways\nThank You!\nWe hope you found this lesson informative and engaging.",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Electric charge sets up an electric field that pushes or pulls other charges.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Coulomb’s law: \\(F = k \\\\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}\\) acts along the line joining two point charges.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "A steady current produces a magnetic field that circles the conductor.",
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{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Faraday’s law: changing magnetic flux induces emf \\(\\\\varepsilon = -\\\\frac{d\\\\Phi_B}{dt}\\).",
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{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Together, these laws reveal electricity and magnetism as two facets of electromagnetism.",
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}
]
}
]