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[
{
"slide": 1,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds\nExplore the reactions that make carbon the king of chemistry.",
"image_description": ""
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{
"slide": 2,
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"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "What Are Chemical Properties?\nChemical Property\nA chemical property tells how a substance reacts to create new substances. It contrasts with a physical property, which can be seen without altering the substance’s identity. Carbon compounds display their chemical properties in reactions like combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution.\nRemember: chemical ≠ physical — one changes composition, the other doesn’t.\nSource: NCERT Class 10 Science",
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{
"slide": 3,
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"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Combustion Reaction\nCombustion\nA carbon compound rapidly combines with oxygen, releasing heat and light to form carbon dioxide and water.\nKey Characteristics:\nExample:\n\\( \\text{Hydrocarbon} + O_2 \\rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O + \\text{energy} \\)",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Needs excess \\(O_2\\)",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Highly exothermic—gives heat & light",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Products: \\(CO_2\\) and \\(H_2O\\)",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 4,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Complete vs Incomplete Combustion\nBlue flame = complete; yellow, sooty flame = incomplete; lime-water test confirms CO₂.\nOxygen supply decides flame colour and products\nComplete combustion: hydrocarbon burns with plenty of O₂, giving a clean blue flame and only CO₂ + H₂O.\nIncomplete combustion: limited O₂ causes a yellow luminous flame, forming toxic CO and black carbon soot.\nKey Points:\nBlue, non-luminous flame + clear glassware → complete combustion observed.\nYellow flame, soot deposit, possible CO detector alert → incomplete combustion.\nBubble exhaust through lime water; milky precipitate confirms CO₂ from complete combustion.",
"image_description": "images/complete_vs_incomplete_combustion.png"
}
]
},
{
"slide": 5,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Oxidation Reaction\nOxidation\nIn carbon compounds, oxidation means adding oxygen or removing hydrogen from the molecule, usually using a strong oxidising agent.\nKey Characteristics:",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Alkaline KMnO₄ (purple) supplies nascent oxygen.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange) is another common oxidiser.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Example:\n\\( \\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH + [O] \\rightarrow CH_3COOH + H_2O} \\)",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 6,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Oxidation of Ethanol to Ethanoic Acid\nFollow these ethanol oxidation steps to obtain ethanoic acid using alkaline \\( \\mathrm{KMnO_4} \\).\nPro Tip:\nAlways keep the mixture alkaline; acidic conditions reduce \\( \\mathrm{KMnO_4} \\) before full oxidation occurs.",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "1\nPrepare Alkaline Mixture\nMix ethanol with dilute NaOH and add alkaline \\( \\mathrm{KMnO_4} \\) slowly until the purple colour just disappears.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "2\nGentle Heating\nHeat the solution gently in a water bath to provide energy without evaporating ethanol.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "3\nOxidation Reaction\nUnder heat, \\( \\mathrm{KMnO_4} \\) oxidises ethanol to acetaldehyde and finally to ethanoic acid.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "4\nEnd-Point Observation\nPersistent pale pink shows excess oxidant; stop heating and cool to collect ethanoic acid.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 7,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Addition Reaction\nAddition Reaction\nTwo atoms or groups add across a carbon-carbon multiple bond, converting an unsaturated hydrocarbon into a saturated one.\nKey Characteristics:\nExample:\nCH\n2\n=CH\n2\n+ H\n2\n→ CH\n3\n–CH\n3\n(hydrogenation of ethene).",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Needs a C=C or C≡C multiple bond.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Reactants join; no by-product is released.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Product becomes a saturated hydrocarbon.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 8,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil\nHydrogen gas + nickel converts liquid oil to solid fat.\nAddition Reaction in Daily Life",
"image_description": "assets/hydrogenation_vegetable_oil.png"
},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Unsaturated vegetable oils contain C=C bonds that undergo hydrogenation, an addition reaction.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Industrially, hot oil is treated with hydrogen under pressure; finely divided nickel catalyses its conversion into semi-solid ghee or margarine.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Key Points:\nIndustrial application: large-scale production of ghee and margarine.\nNickel catalyst speeds the addition of H₂ and is recovered for reuse.\nShows how chemical addition reactions impact everyday food.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 9,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Substitution Reaction\nSubstitution Reaction\nAn atom or group in a saturated compound is replaced by another atom or group.\nKey Characteristics:\nExample:\nCH\n4\n+ Cl\n2\nUV light\n→ CH\n3\nCl + HCl",
"image_description": ""
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Typical of alkanes because they are saturated.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Usually involves halogens such as Cl\n2\nor Br\n2\n.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Requires UV light or high heat to start the reaction.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 10,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Mechanism: Chlorination of Methane\nFree-radical chain reaction. Initiation: UV splits Cl₂ to Cl•. Propagation: Cl• successively replaces H, forming CH₃Cl → CH₂Cl₂ → CHCl₃ → CCl₄ while regenerating radicals. Termination: radicals combine and stop the chain.\nInitiation\nCl₂ → 2Cl•\nCH₄\nCH₃Cl\nCH₂Cl₂\nCHCl₃\nCCl₄\nTermination\nLegend:\nStart/End\nDecision\nProcess",
"image_description": ""
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},
{
"slide": 11,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Addition vs Substitution",
"image_description": ""
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Addition Reactions\nNeed unsaturated compounds: alkenes or alkynes.\nπ bond breaks; two atoms/groups attach across it.\nProduct becomes more saturated than reactant.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Substitution Reactions\nOccur in saturated compounds like alkanes or benzene.\nOne atom/group replaces another; carbon framework stays.\nOften proceeds via free-radical, electrophilic or nucleophilic paths.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Key Similarities\nBoth involve breaking and forming covalent bonds.\nBoth convert reactants into new, useful products.",
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},
{
"slide": 12,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Multiple Choice Question – Formative Assessment\nQuestion\nWhich type of reaction converts an unsaturated hydrocarbon into a saturated hydrocarbon?\n1\nAddition reaction\n2\nSubstitution reaction\n3\nOxidation reaction\n4\nCombustion reaction\nHint:\nThe reaction adds atoms across the carbon–carbon multiple bond.\nSubmit Answer\nCorrect!\nAddition reactions break the multiple bond and fully saturate the hydrocarbon—exactly what was asked.\nIncorrect\nOnly an addition reaction removes the multiple bond to form a saturated compound. Try again!\nconst correctOption = 0;\n const answerCards = document.querySelectorAll('.answer-card');\n const submitBtn = document.getElementById('slide-12-a3d9f7-submitBtn');\n const feedbackCorrect = document.getElementById('slide-12-a3d9f7-feedback-correct');\n const feedbackIncorrect = document.getElementById('slide-12-a3d9f7-feedback-incorrect');\n \n let selectedOption = null;\n \n answerCards.forEach((card, index) => {\n card.addEventListener('click', () => {\n answerCards.forEach(c => c.classList.remove('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50'));\n card.classList.add('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50');\n selectedOption = index;\n });\n });\n \n submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (selectedOption === null) return;\n \n if (selectedOption === correctOption) {\n feedbackCorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n } else {\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackCorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n });",
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{
"slide": 13,
"fragments": [
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"text_description": "Classify the Reactions\nDrag each reaction into the box that matches its type: Combustion, Oxidation, Addition, or Substitution.\nDraggable Items\nCH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O\nCH₃CH₂OH + [O] → CH₃CHO + H₂O\nCH₂=CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃CH₃\nCH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl\nCH₃CHO + [O] → CH₃COOH\nCH₂=CH₂ + Cl₂ → CH₂Cl–CH₂Cl\nC₂H₆ + Br₂ → C₂H₅Br + HBr\nC₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O\nDrop Zones\nCombustion\nOxidation\nAddition\nSubstitution\nTip:\nLook for what is added, removed, or swapped in the organic molecule.\nCheck Answers\nResults\n// Drag and drop functionality\n const draggableItems = document.querySelectorAll('.draggable-item');\n const dropZones = document.querySelectorAll('.drop-zone');\n const checkAnswersBtn = document.getElementById('checkAnswersBtn');\n const feedbackArea = document.getElementById('feedbackArea');\n const feedbackContent = document.getElementById('feedbackContent');\n \n // Drag and drop event listeners\n draggableItems.forEach(item => {\n item.addEventListener('dragstart', handleDragStart);\n item.addEventListener('dragend', handleDragEnd);\n });\n \n dropZones.forEach(zone => {\n zone.addEventListener('dragover', handleDragOver);\n zone.addEventListener('drop', handleDrop);\n zone.addEventListener('dragenter', handleDragEnter);\n zone.addEventListener('dragleave', handleDragLeave);\n });\n \n function handleDragStart(e) {\n e.target.classList.add('opacity-50');\n e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.dataset.id);\n }\n \n function handleDragEnd(e) {\n e.target.classList.remove('opacity-50');\n }\n \n function handleDragOver(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n }\n \n function handleDragEnter(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n e.target.closest('.drop-zone').classList.add('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n }\n \n function handleDragLeave(e) {\n e.target.closest('.drop-zone').classList.remove('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n }\n \n function handleDrop(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n const dropZone = e.target.closest('.drop-zone');\n dropZone.classList.remove('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n \n const itemId = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');\n const draggedItem = document.querySelector(`[data-id=\"${itemId}\"]`);\n \n if (draggedItem && dropZone) {\n dropZone.appendChild(draggedItem);\n dropZone.querySelector('.text-center').style.display = 'none';\n }\n }\n \n // Check answers functionality\n checkAnswersBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n // Implementation for checking answers would go here\n feedbackArea.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackContent.innerHTML = '<p class=\"text-green-600\">Answers checked! Review your results above.</p>';\n });",
"image_description": ""
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{
"slide": 14,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Key Takeaways\nCollage of reaction icons summarising each type\nThank You!\nWe hope you found this lesson informative and engaging.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Combustion yields heat, light, \\( \\mathrm{CO_2} \\) and \\( \\mathrm{H_2O} \\).",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Oxidation adds oxygen or strips hydrogen from the molecule.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Addition attaches atoms across a double or triple bond.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Substitution swaps an atom in a saturated chain with another.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "Together these reactions summarise the chemical behaviour of carbon compounds.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
}
]