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[
{
"slide": 1,
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"text_description": "Carbon’s Valency 4\nValency of Carbon\nCarbon’s electron shells are arranged 2,4. The outer shell holds 4 electrons and needs 4 more for an octet. By sharing these electrons, carbon shows a valency of 4.\nKey Characteristics:",
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{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Electron configuration: 2 in first shell, 4 in second.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Second shell is the valence shell.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Needs 4 more electrons to satisfy the octet rule.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Gains stability by forming four covalent bonds.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 2,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Covalent Bond\nCovalent Bond",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Two atoms form a covalent bond when they share one or more pairs of electrons, allowing each to reach a stable outer shell.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Think:\nWhy is sharing easier for carbon than gaining or losing four electrons?\nAnswer:\nMoving four electrons needs more energy, so carbon prefers to share them.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 3,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Building Methane (CH₄)\nTrace how one carbon forms four single covalent bonds with hydrogen to create methane.\nPro Tip:\nA single covalent bond equals one shared electron pair between two atoms.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "1\nShow Carbon’s 4 Valence Electrons\nWrite C and dot four unpaired electrons around it.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "2\nAdd Four Hydrogen Atoms\nPlace H atoms nearby, each showing one valence electron.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "3\nForm Electron Pairs\nPair each hydrogen electron with one of carbon’s electrons to share.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "4\nDraw Single Covalent Bonds\nReplace each shared pair with a line, giving four C–H single bonds.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 5,
"text_description": "5\nCheck Octet & Duet\nCarbon now has 8 electrons; each hydrogen has 2. Methane formation is complete.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 4,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Ionic or Covalent?\nCarbon needs\noctet\nGain 4 e⁻ → C⁴⁻\nHigh energy\nLose 4 e⁻ → C⁴⁺\nHigher energy\nEnergy too costly?\nShares e⁻\nCovalent bond",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 5,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Multiple Choice Question\nQuestion\nCarbon must gain how many electrons to achieve the nearest noble-gas (octet) configuration?\n1\nTwo electrons\n2\nFour electrons\n3\nSix electrons\n4\nEight electrons\nHint:\nCarbon already has 4 valence electrons; a full octet needs 8.\nSubmit Answer\nCorrect!\nGreat job! Carbon needs four more electrons to complete its octet.\nIncorrect\nCheck the hint: carbon aims for an octet and already owns 4 electrons.\nconst correctOption = 1;\n const answerCards = document.querySelectorAll('.answer-card');\n const submitBtn = document.getElementById('slide-06-c0v4nt-submitBtn');\n const feedbackCorrect = document.getElementById('slide-06-c0v4nt-feedback-correct');\n const feedbackIncorrect = document.getElementById('slide-06-c0v4nt-feedback-incorrect');\n\n let selectedOption = null;\n\n answerCards.forEach((card, index) => {\n card.addEventListener('click', () => {\n answerCards.forEach(c => c.classList.remove('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50'));\n card.classList.add('border-blue-500', 'bg-blue-50');\n selectedOption = index;\n });\n });\n\n submitBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n if (selectedOption === null) return;\n\n if (selectedOption === correctOption) {\n feedbackCorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n } else {\n feedbackIncorrect.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackCorrect.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n });",
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},
{
"slide": 6,
"fragments": [
{
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"text_description": "Match the Molecule\nDrag each molecule into its bond-type bucket: Single, Double, or Triple.\nDraggable Items\nCH₄\nO₂\nN₂\nDrop Zones\nSingle Bond\nDouble Bond\nTriple Bond\nTip:\nCount the shared-pair lines: one line = single, two = double, three = triple.\nCheck Answers\nResults\n// Drag and drop functionality\n const draggableItems = document.querySelectorAll('.draggable-item');\n const dropZones = document.querySelectorAll('.drop-zone');\n const checkAnswersBtn = document.getElementById('checkAnswersBtn');\n const feedbackArea = document.getElementById('feedbackArea');\n const feedbackContent = document.getElementById('feedbackContent');\n\n // Drag and drop event listeners\n draggableItems.forEach(item => {\n item.addEventListener('dragstart', handleDragStart);\n item.addEventListener('dragend', handleDragEnd);\n });\n\n dropZones.forEach(zone => {\n zone.addEventListener('dragover', handleDragOver);\n zone.addEventListener('drop', handleDrop);\n zone.addEventListener('dragenter', handleDragEnter);\n zone.addEventListener('dragleave', handleDragLeave);\n });\n\n function handleDragStart(e) {\n e.target.classList.add('opacity-50');\n e.dataTransfer.setData('text/plain', e.target.dataset.id);\n }\n\n function handleDragEnd(e) {\n e.target.classList.remove('opacity-50');\n }\n\n function handleDragOver(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n }\n\n function handleDragEnter(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n e.target.closest('.drop-zone').classList.add('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n }\n\n function handleDragLeave(e) {\n e.target.closest('.drop-zone').classList.remove('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n }\n\n function handleDrop(e) {\n e.preventDefault();\n const dropZone = e.target.closest('.drop-zone');\n dropZone.classList.remove('border-green-500', 'bg-green-50');\n\n const itemId = e.dataTransfer.getData('text/plain');\n const draggedItem = document.querySelector(`[data-id=\"${itemId}\"]`);\n\n if (draggedItem && dropZone) {\n dropZone.appendChild(draggedItem);\n dropZone.querySelector('.text-center').style.display = 'none';\n }\n }\n\n // Check answers functionality\n checkAnswersBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {\n let correct = 0;\n draggableItems.forEach(item => {\n const parentZone = item.closest('.drop-zone');\n if (parentZone && item.dataset.category === parentZone.dataset.id) {\n correct += 1;\n }\n });\n feedbackArea.classList.remove('hidden');\n feedbackContent.innerHTML = `<p class=\"text-${correct === 3 ? 'green' : 'red'}-600\">You placed ${correct} of 3 molecules correctly.</p>`;\n });",
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}
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},
{
"slide": 7,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Key Takeaways\nRecap the main ideas",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Valency = 4\nCarbon needs four more electrons, so it forms four bonds.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "Covalent Sharing\nAtoms share pairs of electrons instead of transferring them.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Single, Double, Triple\nCarbon creates C–C or C–X bonds with one, two or three shared pairs.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Sharing Saves Energy\nSharing four electrons costs less energy than gaining or losing four.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
},
{
"slide": 8,
"fragments": [
{
"fragment_index": -1,
"text_description": "Lesson Wrap-Up\nNext Steps\nGreat job! Next, we will see how these covalent bonds build molecules like ethane and ethene.\nThank You!\nWe hope you found this lesson informative and engaging.",
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},
{
"fragment_index": 1,
"text_description": "Carbon is tetravalent; it has four valence electrons.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 2,
"text_description": "It shares these electrons to complete an octet.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 3,
"text_description": "Shared electron pairs form strong covalent bonds.",
"image_description": ""
},
{
"fragment_index": 4,
"text_description": "Covalent bonding lets carbon create chains, rings, and countless compounds.",
"image_description": ""
}
]
}
]